Manganese Contributes to the Maintenance of Normal Bones

Manganese is essential for bone health, as it plays a role in the formation of bone matrix and cartilage. This mineral is involved in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, key components of bone tissue. Menopausal women often face an increased risk of bone density loss due to oestrogen decline. Adequate manganese intake can help mitigate this risk by supporting bone mineralisation. It acts as a cofactor for enzymes such as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which also helps combat oxidative stress that may contribute to bone deterioration.

Manganese Contributes to the Normal Formation of Connective Tissue

Connective tissue, which supports and connects other tissues and organs, relies on the contribution of manganese for its proper formation. Manganese is involved in the activation of prolidase, an enzyme important for collagen production, a major component of connective tissue. During menopause, the decline in oestrogen can lead to a reduction in collagen production, weakening connective tissues, including skin, cartilage, and tendons. By ensuring adequate manganese intake, menopausal women may support the health and integrity of their connective tissues. This may help alleviate symptoms like joint stiffness and skin thinning.

Manganese Contributes to Normal Energy-Yielding Metabolism

Manganese is important for normal energy-yielding metabolism, as it activates enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It functions as a cofactor for several enzymes, including those in the citric acid cycle, which is needed for cellular energy production. For menopausal women, maintaining optimal energy levels can be challenging due to hormonal fluctuations and changes in metabolic rate. By supporting efficient nutrient metabolism, manganese may help menopausal women manage energy fluctuations and fatigue, which can be common during this stage of life.

Manganese Contributes to the Protection of Cells from Oxidative Stress

Manganese plays a role in protecting cells from oxidative stress by acting as a cofactor for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a critical antioxidant enzyme. MnSOD neutralises free radicals, reducing oxidative damage to cells. Oxidative stress has been linked to accelerated ageing and chronic conditions, both of which are more prevalent during and after menopause. As oestrogen levels drop, menopausal women often experience increased oxidative stress, which can affect various tissues, including the heart and skin. Adequate levels of manganese may help in counteracting these effects by enhancing the body's natural antioxidant defences.