Jayachandran M, Litwiller RD, Owen WG, Miller VM. Circulating microparticles and endogenous estrogen in newly menopausal women. Climacteric. 2009;12(2):177-184. doi:10.1080/13697130802488607
Publication Date: "2009 Apr"
Peer Reviewed: Yes
Study Design: "cross-sectional study"
Methodology: Platelet activation and plasma microparticles characterized. Women grouped by serum estrogen levels. Blood collected and analyzed for lipids, hormones, platelet functions, and microparticles. Carotid intima-media thickness measured by ultrasound.
Sample Size: "n = 146"
Controls Used: No explicit controls stated; comparison was between low and high estrogen groups within the same population.
Dose Used: Not applicable; study observed endogenous estrogen levels without intervention.
Statistical Significance Declared: "Statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05."
Adverse Events due to Phosphatidylserine Supplementation: No adverse events directly linked to Phosphatidylserine supplementation stated.
Conflict of Interest: "The authors report no conflicts of interest."

Jayachandran M, Litwiller RD, Lahr BD, Bailey KR, Owen WG, Mulvagh SL, Heit JA, Hodis HN, Harman SM, Miller VM. Alterations in Platelet Function and Cell-Derived Microvesicles in Recently Menopausal Women: Relationship to Metabolic Syndrome and Atherogenic Risk. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2011;4(6):811-822. doi:10.1007/s12265-011-9296-9
Publication Date: "Published: 24 July 2011"
Peer Reviewed: Yes
Study Design: "multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial"
Methodology: Blood samples were collected and analyzed for platelet functions, microvesicle concentrations, and associations with metabolic syndrome components. Standard blood chemistries, ultrasounds, and CT scans were used.
Sample Size: "n = 118" and "a subset of women (n = 95) had assessment of forearm reactive hyperemia by digital tonometry"
Controls Used: "placebo-controlled"
Dose Used: Not applicable (study on blood samples and associations)
Statistical Significance Declared: "p = 0.005" for ATP secretion and blood glucose, "p < 0.05" for blood pressure and P-selectin expression, "p < 0.05" for CIMT correlation with platelet-derived and total procoagulant phosphatidylserine-positive microvesicles and systolic blood pressure
Adverse Events due to Phosphatidylserine Supplementation: Not related to Phosphatidylserine supplementation (study did not involve supplementation)
Conflict of Interest: Not stated in the provided text

Cabrera D, Kruger M, Wolber FM, Roy NC, Fraser K. Effects of short- and long-term glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis on plasma metabolome and lipidome of ovariectomized sheep. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020 Jun 5;21(1):349. doi: 10.1186/s12891-020-03362-7
Publication Date: "29 July 2020"
Peer Reviewed: Yes
Study Design: "randomized controlled trial"
Methodology: Twenty-eight aged ewes were divided randomly into four groups. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry untargeted metabolomic analysis was applied to monthly plasma samples to follow the progression of osteoporosis over five months.
Sample Size: "Sample size: 28 aged ewes"
Controls Used: "an OVX group, OVX in combination with glucocorticoids for two months (OVXG2), and OVX in combination with five doses of glucocorticoids (OVXG5) to induce bone loss, and a control group"
Dose Used: "400 mg; Vetacortyl®"
Statistical Significance Declared: "Significance was considered at p < 0.05, with predicted means from the model with standard error of the means obtained using the PredictedMeans package of R."
Adverse Events due to Phosphatidylserine Supplementation: "Potential side effects include insomnia and upset stomach." "There is a possibility of allergic reactions in some individuals." "High doses may lead to adverse effects such as excessive cortisol suppression."
Conflict of Interest: "The datasets used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request."

Rosadini G, Sannita WG, Nobili F, Cenacchi T. Phosphatidylserine: Quantitative EEG Effects in Healthy Volunteers. Neuropsychobiology. 2008 Feb;24(1):42-48. doi:10.1159/000119041
Publication Date: "1990-91"
Peer Reviewed: Yes
Study Design: "latin-square design"
Methodology: EEG recordings in baseline conditions, during intravenous infusion, and at several intervals post-administration; blood pressure, heart rate, critical flicker-fusion frequency, and performance at retention tests assessed after each EEG recording.
Sample Size: "Eight healthy paid male volunteers"
Controls Used: "matching placebo"
Dose Used: "25-, 50-, and 75-mg doses of phosphatidylserine"
Statistical Significance Declared: "p<0.05, **p<0.01" for EEG power changes; "trend over time only approached statistical significance (p<0.10 at the Friedman's analysis of variance)" for 25-mg dose.
Adverse Events due to Phosphatidylserine Supplementation: "No significant modification was observed in the critical flicker-fusion frequency during the experimental session, regardless of the compound and dose administered"; "in absence of detectable side effects and/or significant changes in the subjects' behavior and neuropsychological status"; "The volunteers' reports about subjective symptoms were also infrequent and unsystematic."
Conflict of Interest: Not explicitly stated in the provided text

Kingsley M. Effects of Phosphatidylserine Supplementation on Exercising Humans. Sports Medicine. 2006;36(8):657-669. doi:10.2165/00007256-200636080-00003
Publication Date: "Published: 23 October 2012"
Peer Reviewed: Yes
Study Design: "randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial"
Methodology: Oral supplementation with PtdSer, various dosages, different durations, different participant training statuses, measures of cortisol response, subjective well-being, muscle soreness, and exercise performance.
Sample Size: "120 elderly patients," "eight healthy untrained males," "11 healthy resistance-trained males"
Controls Used: "placebo"
Dose Used: "300 or 600 mg/day," "750 mg/day," "800 mg/day"
Statistical Significance Declared: "statistically significant," "non-significant reductions in uric acid and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase," "significantly attenuate plasma cortisol concentrations," "tendencies for supplementation to improve sprint and exercise performances," "reduced subjective ratings of muscle soreness"
Adverse Events due to Phosphatidylserine Supplementation: "No adverse effects have been reported when young healthy adults consume up to 800 mg/day of BC-PtdSer or S-PtdSer for 10 and 12 days, respectively."
Conflict of Interest: Not declared.

Birge RB, Boeltz S, Kumar S, Carlson J, Wanderley J, Calianese D, Barcinski M, Brekken RA, Huang X, Hutchins JT, Freimark B, Empig C, Mercer J, Schroit AJ, Schett G, Herrmann M. Phosphatidylserine is a global immunosuppressive signal in efferocytosis, infectious disease, and cancer. Cell Death & Differentiation. 2016;23(6):962-978. doi:10.1038/cdd.2016.11
Publication Date: "Published: 26 February 2016"
Peer Reviewed: Yes
Study Design: "Review"
Methodology: Analysis of existing pre-clinical studies, evaluation of therapeutic potential of PS-targeting agents, including AnxA5 and antibodies, in cancer and infectious diseases.
Sample Size: Not applicable (review article).
Controls Used: Not applicable (review article).
Dose Used: Not applicable (review article).
Statistical Significance Declared: Not applicable (review article).
Adverse Events due to Phosphatidylserine Supplementation: Not applicable (review article).
Conflict of Interest: None stated.

Ma X, Li X, Wang W, Zhang M, Yang B, Miao Z. Phosphatidylserine, inflammation, and central nervous system diseases. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022;14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.975176
Publication Date: "Publication Date: Not provided in the text."Peer Reviewed: "Yes."Study Design: "Review."Methodology: Summarized existing research and clinical studies on PS, its roles, and effects on CNS diseases.Sample Size: Not applicable (review article).Controls Used: Not applicable (review article).Dose Used: Varied doses in cited studies, e.g., "BC-PS (300 mg/day) for 6 months," "200–600 mg/day for 30 days," "300 mg/day for 1–6 months," "250mg/day for 30 weeks," "200 mg/day for 2 months," "100 mg, three times a day for 12 weeks."Statistical Significance Declared: Not applicable (review article).Adverse Events due to Phosphatidylserine Supplementation: "Clinical studies have shown that PS has no side effects and is well tolerated."Conflict of Interest: "The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest."