Nemzer BV, Al-Taher F, Yashin A, Revelsky I, Yashin Y. Cranberry: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Impact on Human Health: Overview. Molecules. 2022; 27(5):1503. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051503

Publication Date: "23 February 2022."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "review."

Methodology: Review of scientific literature on cranberry phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, and impact on human health.

Sample Size: Not applicable (review study).

Controls Used: Not applicable (review study).

Dose Used: Not applicable (review study).

Statistical Significance Declared: "Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for nitrogen, phosphorus, and magnesium for the cranberries."

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: No adverse events directly linked to cranberry supplementation were stated in the study.

Conflict of Interest: "The authors declare no conflict of interest."

Izumi T, Terauchi M. The Diverse Efficacy of Food-Derived Proanthocyanidins for Middle-Aged and Elderly Women. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12):3833. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123833

Publication Date: "15 December 2020."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "randomized controlled trial."

Methodology: Literature search using PubMed, inclusion of RCTs, long-term clinical trials, prospective, cohort, and case-control studies, exclusion of non-English studies and studies not related to middle-aged and elderly women.

Sample Size: "Sample size not explicitly stated."

Controls Used: "placebo-controlled."

Dose Used: "40 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg proanthocyanidins per day."

Statistical Significance Declared: "p < 0.05" for various outcomes, specific measures include blood pressure reduction, improvement in menopausal symptoms, cancer risk reduction, and others.

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: None reported in the study.

Conflict of Interest: "M.T. received research grants from Ibaraki Prefecture, and personal fees for speaker’s bureau from Fuji Pharma Co. Ltd.; Bayer Holding Ltd.; and Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc. The other author has no conflicts of interest to disclose."

Carvalho NI, Leite GG, Silva BB, Souza IL, Souza LD, Faria IM De. The evolution of recommendations for cranberry use in recurrent urinary tract infections: A systematic review. Ukrainian Journal of Nephrology and Dialysis. 2021; 1(73):81-89. DOI: 10.31450/ukrjnd.1(73).2022.09.

Publication Date: "2022."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "Systematic review."

Methodology: Conducted a systematic review to assess the efficacy of cranberry prophylaxis in recurrent UTIs in women by evaluating existing recommendations and studies.

Sample Size: Not specified.

Controls Used: Compared cranberry effects to placebo and traditional antibiotic treatment.

Dose Used: Not specified.

Statistical Significance Declared: Not specified.

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: Not specified.

Conflict of Interest: "The authors declare no competing interest."

Raz R. Urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women. Korean J Urol. 2011; 52(12):801-808. doi:10.4111/kju.2011.52.12.801

Publication Date: Published online Dec 20, 2011.

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "Review Article."

Methodology: Systematic literature search of studies conducted over the past 15 years. Data were collected from published studies and guidelines found by searching Medline, PubMed, and the Cochrane database.

Sample Size: "A total of 190 papers were screened by title and abstract: 111 for the first keyword and 79 for the second."

Controls Used: Not specified (Review Article).

Dose Used: Not specified (Review Article).

Statistical Significance Declared: "Multivariate analysis showed that urinary incontinence (odds ratio [OR], 5.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.05-16.42; p=0.0009), a history of UTI before menopause (OR, 4.85; 95% CI, 1.7-13.84; p<0.003), and nonsecretor status (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.28-6.25; p=0.005)."

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: None specified directly linked to Cranberry supplementation.

Conflict of Interest: "The authors have nothing to disclose."

Yung LM, Tian XY, Wong WT, Leung FP, Yung LH, Chen ZY, Lau CW, Vanhoutte PM, Yao X, Huang Y. Chronic cranberry juice consumption restores cholesterol profiles and improves endothelial function in ovariectomized rats. Eur J Nutr. 2013; 52(3):1145-1155. doi:10.1007/s00394-012-0425-2

Publication Date: "27 July 2012."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "Ovariectomized rats were treated daily with commercial cranberry juice at 7 mg/kg for 8 weeks."

Methodology: Serum was collected for cholesterol measurement. Aorta was isolated for isometric force assay and expression studies. Rats were anesthetized, ovariectomized, and divided into groups for cranberry juice, estrogen treatment, or control. Blood pressure measured by tail-cuff method.

Sample Size: Not explicitly stated in the provided text.

Controls Used: "Estrogen treatment will be used as positive control."

Dose Used: "7 mg/kg for 8 weeks."

Statistical Significance Declared: "p < 0.05 indicates significant difference."

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: "Lack of obvious side effects for the intake of cranberry products."

Conflict of Interest: None declared in the provided text.

Caretto M, Giannini A, Russo E, Simoncini T. Preventing urinary tract infections after menopause without antibiotics. Maturitas. 2017; 99:43-46. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.02.004

Publication Date: "Available online 7 February 2017."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "Review."

Methodology: Literature review on non-antibiotic methods for preventing UTIs, focusing on practical clinical approaches and efficacy of different treatments.

Sample Size: Not applicable (review study).

Controls Used: Not applicable (review study).

Dose Used: Not specified.

Statistical Significance Declared: "A more recent Cochrane review reports a non-significant reduction in risk of rUTIs with cranberry treatment."

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: None directly linked to cranberry supplementation stated.

Conflict of Interest: "The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest."

Pérez-López FR, Haya J, Chedraui P. Vaccinium macrocarpon: An interesting option for women with recurrent urinary tract infections and other health benefits. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2009; 35(4):630-639. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2009.01026.x

Publication Date: "First published: 08 September 2009."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "retrospective study."

Methodology: Review of published scientific literature.

Sample Size: Not applicable (review study).

Controls Used: Not applicable (review study).

Dose Used: Various, including "One or two daily doses of either 36 mg PAC or equivalent cranberry total components, for 1–2 months."

Statistical Significance Declared: "A non-significant reduction of UTI associated with Vaccinium macrocarpon treatment during pregnancy." "Treatment with cranberry product reduced the incidence of UTI at 12 months compared with the placebo/control subjects."

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: "Cases of upset stomach have been reported after consumption of very large daily amounts of cranberry juice." "Cranberries contain oxalates which may contribute to the formation of some types of kidney stones."

Conflict of Interest: None declared in the text.

Li ZX, Ma JL, Guo Y, Liu WD, Li M, Zhang LF, Zhang Y, Zhou T, Zhang JY, Gao HE, Guo XY, Ye DM, Li WQ, You WC, Pan KF. Suppression of Helicobacter pylori infection by daily cranberry intake: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021; 36(4):927-935. doi:10.1111/jgh.15212

Publication Date: "11 August 2020."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial."

Methodology: 13C-urea breath tests at baseline, 2 and 8 weeks, and 45 days post-intervention, cranberry juice and powder consumption, structured questionnaires, statistical analyses using χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, and unconditional logistic regression.

Sample Size: "525 H. pylori-positive adults."

Controls Used: "matching placebos."

Dose Used: "44 mg proanthocyanidin/240-mL serving."

Statistical Significance Declared: "Statistically significant difference across four groups (P = 0.041)" for H. pylori-negative rates; "P < 0.05" for 20% decrease in H. pylori infection rate; "P = 0.012" for H. pylori-negative rates at week 8.

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: "No severe side effects or life-threatening events were observed among all subjects within the intervention period."

Conflict of Interest: "None."

Paquette M, Medina Larqué AS, Weisnagel SJ, et al. Strawberry and cranberry polyphenols improve insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant, non-diabetic adults: a parallel, double-blind, controlled and randomised clinical trial. British Journal of Nutrition. 2017; 117(4):519-531. doi:10.1017/S0007114517000393

Publication Date: "Published online 2017 Mar 14."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "A parallel, double-blind, controlled, and randomised clinical trial."

Methodology: Daily consumption of a 333 mg SCP blend for 6 weeks. Insulin sensitivity assessed by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion assessed by 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Sample Size: "Forty-six participants (twenty men and twenty-six women)."

Controls Used: "A flavour-matched Control beverage that contained 0 mg SCP."

Dose Used: "333 mg SCP daily for 6 weeks."

Statistical Significance Declared: "P=0·03 for insulin sensitivity" and "P=0·002 for C-peptide levels during the first 30 min of the OGTT."

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: "No major harmful or unexpected effects were reported in either group."

Conflict of Interest: "None of the authors has any conflicts of interest to declare."

Valentová K, Stejskal D, Bednář P, Vostálová J, Číhalík Č, Večeřová R, Koukalová D, Kolář M, Reichenbach R, Škňouřil L, Ulrichová J, Šimánek V. Biosafety, Antioxidant Status, and Metabolites in Urine after Consumption of Dried Cranberry Juice in Healthy Women: A Pilot Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Agric Food Chem. 2007; 55(8):3217-3224. doi:10.1021/jf0636014

Publication Date: "Published on Web 03/24/2007."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "double-blind placebo-controlled trial."

Methodology: "Basic biochemical and hematological parameters, antioxidant status, presence of metabolites in urine, and urine ex vivo antiadherence activity were determined throughout the trial."

Sample Size: "A total of 65 healthy women, students, and staff of Palacky´ University, Olomouc, aged 19-28 years (mean, 21.6 (1.6 years)."

Controls Used: "Placebo (two capsules once/day)."

Dose Used: "Group II [n = 20, 400 mg of DCJ (two capsules once/day), aged 21.4 (2.0 years, BMI 21.2 (1.5 kg/m2)], and group III [n = 22, 1200 mg of DCJ (two capsules three times/day), aged 21.7 (2.0 years, BMI 20.5 (1.8 kg/m2]."

Statistical Significance Declared: "A statistically significant decrease in the serum level of AOPP was observed" for 1200 mg/day. "p < 0.05."

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: No adverse events, but they do state; "Cranberry should be avoided by people with allergy/hypersensitivity to the Vaccinium species."

Conflict of Interest: "We declare that the results were interpreted independently and that they do not express any trade interest of Walmark, a.s., which provided the DCJ, DCJ-containing food supplement, and placebo."

Babar A, Moore L, Leblanc V, Dudonné S, Desjardins Y, Lemieux S, Bochard V, Guyonnet D, Dodin S. High dose versus low dose standardized cranberry proanthocyanidin extract for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in healthy women: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. BMC Urology. 2021; 21(1):44. doi:10.1186/s12894-021-00811-w

Publication Date: "23 March 2021."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial."

Methodology: Recruited 145 women with recurrent UTI history; randomized to high dose (2 × 18.5 mg daily) or low dose (2 × 1 mg daily) cranberry proanthocyanidins for 24 weeks; monitored for symptomatic UTIs, pyuria, and bacteriuria; data analyzed using Poisson regression and Kaplan Meier estimate.

Sample Size: "145 women."

Controls Used: "Control low dose (2 × 1 mg daily)."

Dose Used: "2 × 18.5 mg daily" for high dose and "2 × 1 mg daily" for low dose.

Statistical Significance Declared: "Incidence rate ratio 0.76, 95%CI 0.51–1.11" for overall symptomatic UTIs; "Age-adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.57, 95%CI 0.33–0.99" for women with fewer than 5 infections in the past year.

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: "The only reported side effect, dyspepsia, led to a discontinuation of the intervention of one participant in each group."

Conflict of Interest: “All other authors report no conflict of interest.”

Takahashi S, Hamasuna R, Yasuda M, Arakawa S, Tanaka K, Ishikawa K, Hayami H, Yamamoto S, Kubo T, Matsumoto T, Kiyota H. A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the preventive effect of cranberry juice (UR65) for patients with recurrent urinary tract infection. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy. 2013; 19(1):112-117. doi:10.1007/s10156-012-0467-7

Publication Date: "Published online: 8 September 2012."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study."

Methodology: Randomized outpatients aged 20 to 79 years into two groups; cranberry juice (UR65) or placebo, adjusted color and taste, drank 1 bottle (125 mL) daily for 24 weeks, primary endpoint was relapse of UTI, statistical analysis used log-rank test and Kaplan–Meier method, multivariate analysis with Cox’s proportional hazards model, approval by Institutional Review Board.

Sample Size: "A total of 227 participants were registered in this study. The male participants were excluded from analysis because only 5 men were registered. Similarly, female participants with self-catheterization were excluded from analysis because only 9 were registered. Therefore, data for a total of 213 subjects could be analyzed."

Controls Used: "One group received cranberry juice (group A) and the other a placebo beverage (group P)."

Dose Used: "The subjects drank 1 bottle (125 mL) of cranberry juice or the placebo beverage once daily, before going to sleep, for 24 weeks."

Statistical Significance Declared: "In the group of females aged 50 years or more, there was a significant difference in the rate of relapse of UTI between groups A and P (log-rank test; p = 0.0425)." "There was no significant difference in the relapse rates of UTI between groups A and P (log-rank test, p = 0.4209)." "In the group aged 50 years or older, there was a significant difference in the relapse rates of UTI between groups A and P (log-rank test, p = 0.0425)."

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: "An adverse event was observed in only 1 patient (0.47 %), who felt a strong burning-like sensation of discomfort after drinking the study beverage (UR65) for the first time. The doctor judged that the beverage should be discontinued and careful observation was done. Fortunately, there were no subjective symptoms or after-effects on the following morning or thereafter."

Conflict of Interest: "This study was partly supported, in regard to data collection, by Kikkoman Food Products Company and The Nisshin Oillio Group, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan."

Di Martino P, Agniel R, David K, Templer C, Gaillard JL, Denys P, Botto H. Reduction of Escherichia coli adherence to uroepithelial bladder cells after consumption of cranberry juice: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled cross-over trial. World Journal of Urology. 2006; 24(1):21-27. doi:10.1007/s00345-005-0045-z

Publication Date: "06 January 2006."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "double-blind randomized placebo-controlled cross-over trial."

Methodology: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study with four regimens and a washout period of at least 6 days between regimens. Urine collected and used to support bacterial growth, six uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains tested for adherence to bladder cell line in vitro.

Sample Size: "Twenty healthy volunteers, 10 men and 10 women."

Controls Used: "Placebo beverage is an isocaloric formulation that mimics the flavor and color of the cranberry beverage."

Dose Used: "750 ml of a total drink composed of: (1) 250 ml of the placebo and 500 ml of mineral water, or (2) 750 ml of the placebo, or (3) 250 ml of the cranberry juice and 500 ml of mineral water, or (4) 750 ml of the cranberry juice."

Statistical Significance Declared: "Cranberry juice intake caused a very highly significant reduction in bacterial adherence to T24 cells compared to equivalent volumes of placebo (P<0.001)." "The adherence index obtained with bacteria grown in urine samples collected after the intake of 750 ml of cranberry juice was lower than the adherence index obtained with urine samples collected after the intake of 250 ml of cranberry juice (P=7.9×10−6)." "Placebo intake was also associated with a slight decrease in bacterial adherence when a dose of 750 ml was drunk (P=0.049)."

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: The study does not state any adverse events directly linked to Cranberry supplementation.

Conflict of Interest: The study does not declare any conflicts of interest.

Kaspar KL, Howell AB, Khoo C. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the bacterial anti-adhesion effects of cranberry extract beverages. Food Funct. 2015; 6(4):1212-1217. doi:10.1039/C4FO01018C

Publication Date: "19 February 2015."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial."

Methodology: Urine samples collected at baseline and post intervention were tested for anti-adhesion activity using a mannose-resistant human red blood cell hemagglutination assay specific for P-fimbriated E. coli.

Sample Size: "Pilot study (n = 10) and a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial (n = 59)."

Controls Used: "Placebo beverage."

Dose Used: "Similar PAC content (>80 mg PACs) by using cranberry juice, cranberry extract or a combination of both."

Statistical Significance Declared: "p < 0.05" for comparing cranberry treatments to placebo in anti-adhesion activity.

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: "Two subjects experienced AEs defined as digestive issues in the clinical trial. These reports were categorized as either 'unlikely' or 'possibly related' to consumption of the study beverages."

Conflict of Interest: None declared, but does appear to have been funded by "Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc."

Hormoznejad R, Shahi M, Rahim F, Helli B, Alavinejad P, Sharhani A. Combined cranberry supplementation and weight loss diet in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2020; 71(8):991-1000. doi:10.1080/09637486.2020.1746957

Publication Date: "Received 5 December 2019 Revised 17 March 2020 Accepted 21 March 2020."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "Randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial."

Methodology: Randomized patients received either cranberry or placebo tablets for 12 weeks. Measurements of anthropometric characteristics, fasting blood samples, and biochemical assays were conducted.

Sample Size: "41 patients (n = 20 in the cranberry group and n = 21 in the placebo group)."

Controls Used: "Placebo tablets contained 288 mg of starch."

Dose Used: "Each tablet contained 144 mg of Vaccinium macrocarpon extract with at least 36 mg proanthocyanidine."

Statistical Significance Declared: "p < .05 considered statistically significant. ALT (p < .001), insulin (p = .005), HOMA-IR (p < .001 and p = .020)."

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: Not stated.

Conflict of Interest: "No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)."

Gao T, Hou M, Zhang B, Pan X, Liu C, Sun C, Jia M, Lin S, Xiong K, Ma A. Effects of cranberry beverages on oxidative stress and gut microbiota in subjects with Helicobacter pylori infection: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Food Funct. 2021; 12(15):6878-6888. doi:10.1039/D1FO00467K

Publication Date: "20 May 2021."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial."

Methodology: 171 H. pylori positive participants randomly assigned to high-dose, low-dose, or placebo. Consumed beverages daily for 4 weeks. Fasting blood samples analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers. Intestinal microbiome analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing.

Sample Size: "171 participants."

Controls Used: "Placebo."

Dose Used: "High-dose (HCb; 480 mL cranberry beverage), low-dose (LCb; 240 mL cranberry beverage plus 240 mL placebo), placebo (480 mL)."

Statistical Significance Declared: "T-AOC, p < 0.001"; "MDA, p = 0.025"; "SOD, p < 0.001"; "Pseudomonas, p < 0.05."

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: None directly linked to Cranberry supplementation declared.

Conflict of Interest: "There is no conflict of interest to declare."

Flanagan E, Cameron D, Sobhan R, Wong C, Pontifex MG, Tosi N, Mena P, Del Rio D, Sami S, Narbad A, Müller M, Hornberger M, Vauzour D. Chronic Consumption of Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) for 12 Weeks Improves Episodic Memory and Regional Brain Perfusion in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Groups Feasibility Study. Front Nutr. 2022; 9. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.849902

Publication Date: "19 May 2022."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "A single-centre, 12-week randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled parallel study design protocol was performed."

Methodology: "Participants attended three visits in total: a screening visit (V0), a pre-intervention baseline visit (V1), and a follow-up visit at the end of the intervention (V2)."

Sample Size: "The final study population consisted of 60 participants who attended the baseline visit and commenced the intervention."

Controls Used: "Placebo powder was designed to match the active cranberry powder for taste, colour, fructose, total sugar and calories."

Dose Used: "The intervention was provided in the form of sachets (4.5 g each) of freeze-dried cranberry powder... Participants were instructed to take two sachets per day, one in the morning and one in the evening."

Statistical Significance Declared: "A significant group × time interaction [F(1, 55) = 5.060; p = 0.028] was observed in performance of the RCF test delayed recall such that the cranberry group showed a significant improvement in performance between baseline and follow-up compared to the placebo group."

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: "There were no serious adverse events or protocol deviations reported during the study; however, there were two cases of participants experiencing dental changes, which were documented."

Conflict of Interest: "DV, MH, MM, and AN received funding from the Cranberry Institute."

Liu H, Howell AB, Zhang DJ, Khoo C. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study to assess bacterial anti-adhesive activity in human urine following consumption of a cranberry supplement. Food Funct. 2019; 10:7645-7652. doi:10.1039/C9FO01198F

Publication Date: "2019."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study."

Methodology: Subjects consumed two cranberry or placebo chews daily; urine samples were collected at specified intervals and tested for anti-adhesion effects using MRHA and fluorescent-labeled assays.

Sample Size: "n = 20."

Controls Used: "Placebo chew was made from apple juice concentrate, apple puree and pectin and formulated to match the texture and appearance of the active chew without cranberry."

Dose Used: "Two cranberry or placebo chews, one in the morning and one in the evening."

Statistical Significance Declared: "P < 0.05 for urinary anti-adhesion activity against P-type E. coli at all time points except 24–36 h." "P < 0.05 for anti-adhesion effects on type 1 E. coli at 3–6 and 6–9 h urine collections."

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: None reported directly linked to Cranberry supplementation.

Conflict of Interest: "Haiyan Liu, Derek J. Zhang and Christina Khoo are employees of Ocean Spray. Dr Amy B. Howell is an independent university researcher and collaborator with no conflict of interest to declare."

Cho A, Eidelberg A, Butler DJ, Danko D, Afshinnekoo E, Mason CE, Chughtai B. Efficacy of Daily Intake of Dried Cranberry 500 mg in Women with Overactive Bladder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Study. J Urol. 2021; 205(2):507-513. doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000001384

Publication Date: "Published online 2020 Sep 18."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study."

Methodology: Eligible women aged 18 or older with overactive bladder were randomized to either daily dried cranberry powder (500mg) or placebo (500mg) and followed for 24-weeks. Efficacy was measured by 3-day voiding diaries and Overactive Bladder Questionnaire Short Form, Patient Perception of Bladder Condition, Sexual Quality of Life-Female, and Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory surveys.

Sample Size: "98 women were randomized."

Controls Used: "Placebo (500mg)."

Dose Used: "500mg of proprietary full spectrum dried cranberry fruit."

Statistical Significance Declared: "Significant reduction of daily micturitions (−1.91, 95%CI: −3.74, −0.88, P = 0.0406)." "Significant reduction of urgency episodes (−2.81, 95%CI: −4.82, −0.80, P = 0.0069)." "Significant reduction of Patient Perception of Bladder Condition scores (−0.66, 95%CI: −1.23, 0.08, P = 0.0258)."

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: "Reported adverse effects in the study included 1 patient with headache, 1 patient with skin rash, and 1 patient with mild constipation."

Conflict of Interest: "Naturex-DBS, LLC funded this study. We also would like to thank the WorldQuant Foundation."

Wang CH, Fang CC, Chen NC, Liu SSH, Yu PH, Wu TY, Chen WT, Lee CC, Chen SC. Cranberry-Containing Products for Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Susceptible Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Arch Intern Med. 2012; 172(13):988-996. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3004

Publication Date: "July 9, 2012."

Peer Reviewed: Yes.

Study Design: "Randomized controlled trials."

Methodology: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, no language, population, or publication year restrictions, manual bibliography checks, contacting authors for missing information.

Sample Size: "1616 subjects."

Controls Used: "Placebo or nonplacebo control."

Dose Used: "Daily cranberry dose ranged from 0.4 to 194.4 g."

Statistical Significance Declared: "Random-effects pooled risk ratio (RR) for cranberry users vs nonusers was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.49-0.80)."

Adverse Events due to Cranberry Supplementation: "Concerns about sugar control in diabetic patients." "Severe gastrointestinal upset or other adverse effects, as observed by Wing et al, who had to change their protocol to allow less frequent dosing to maintain compliance and avoid withdrawal of participants."

Conflict of Interest: "None reported."