Sandhir R, Sethi N, Aggarwal A, Khera A. Coenzyme Q10 treatment ameliorates cognitive deficits by modulating mitochondrial functions in surgically induced menopause. Neurochem Int. 2014;74:16-23. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2014.04.011
Publication Date: "Available online 26 April 2014."
Peer Reviewed: Yes
Study Design: "experimental model of menopause"
Methodology: Female Laca mice were used, divided into four groups, administered CoQ10 orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight, and subjected to various cognitive and biochemical tests.
Sample Size: "Forty-eight female laca mice were randomly divided into following four groups"
Controls Used: "Sham group: The animals in this group received sunflower oil (orally) as vehicle for 4 weeks."
Dose Used: "CoQ10 orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight of in sunflower oil for 4 weeks."
Statistical Significance Declared: "Values with p values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant."
Adverse Events: No adverse events were declared in the text.
Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared in the text.

Hassanzadeh S, Jameie SB, Soleimani M, et al. Coenzyme Q10 Influences on the Levels of TNF-α and IL-10 and the Ratio of Bax/Bcl2 in a Menopausal Rat Model Following Lumbar Spinal Cord Injury. J Mol Neurosci. 2018;65(2):255-264. doi:10.1007/s12031-018-1090-6.
Publication Date: "14 June 2018"
Peer Reviewed: Yes
Study Design: "randomized controlled trial"
Methodology: Rats divided into control, OVX-SCI, OVX-SCI + CoQ10, vehicle sham, and surgical sham groups; given 10 mg/kg/day CoQ10 for 3 weeks; ELISA for TNF-α and IL-10; Western blot for Bax/Bcl2 and AQP4.
Sample Size: "Thirty adult female Wistar rats"
Controls Used: "a control group that was ovariectomized (OVX)", "vehicle sham group", "surgical sham group"
Dose Used: "10 mg/kg/day CoQ10"
Statistical Significance Declared: "P < 0.01" for TNF-α decrease, "P < 0.001" for IL-10 increase, "P < 0.01" for Bax/Bcl2 ratio decrease
Adverse Events: Not specifically stated.
Conflict of Interest: Not declared.

Dahri, M., Hashemilar, M., Asghari-Jafarabadi, M., & Tarighat-Esfanjani, A. (2017). Efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for the prevention of migraine in women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 16, 8-14. doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2017.10.003
Publication Date: "Available online 12 October 2017"
Peer Reviewed: Yes
Study Design: "randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial"
Methodology: Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 400 mg/day CoQ10 or placebo alongside routine prophylactic drugs. Frequency, severity, duration of attacks, and headache disability were assessed using migraine-specific questionnaires at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks.
Sample Size: "Eighty-four women"
Controls Used: "placebo beside usual prophylactic drugs"
Dose Used: "400 mg/day CoQ10"
Statistical Significance Declared: "All P < 0.001"
Adverse Events: "one patient who reported constipation and stomach ache; no serious adverse side effect"
Conflict of Interest: "the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest"

Gasmi, A., Bjørklund, G., Mujawdiya, P. K., Semenova, Y., Piscopo, S., & Peana, M. (2022). Coenzyme Q10 in aging and disease. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 0(0), 1-13. doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2137724
Publication Date: "Published online: 27 Oct 2022."
Peer Reviewed: Yes.
Study Design: "Narrative review."
Methodology: Review of in vitro cell culture studies, in vivo studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and clinical trials.
Sample Size: Various studies mentioned, such as "443 individuals aged between 70 and 88 years" in one study.
Controls Used: "Placebo-controlled."
Dose Used: "High-dose (up to 300 mg/day)" and "150 mg/kg/day or higher."
Statistical Significance Declared: "p < 0.05" for reduced myocardial damage and shorter hospital stay, "p = 0.03" for mean number of days out of the hospital, "p = 0.001" for CHP domains.
Adverse Events: "Myalgia and general discomfort" attributed to statins, "serious side effects like muscle pain, general discomfort, and in some cases, osteonecrosis" attributed to N-BPs. (These adverse events are linked to the reduction of CoQ10 levels in the body due to the use of specific medications, not directly to CoQ10 supplementation itself.)
Conflict of Interest: "Salva Piscopo works for Nutrilogics SA, a company producing natural dietary supplements. None of the other authors has any conflict of interest to declare."

Aaseth J, Alexander J, Alehagen U. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation – In ageing and disease. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. 2021;197:111521. doi:10.1016/j.mad.2021.111521.
Publication Date: "Available online 12 June 2021"
Peer Reviewed: Yes
Study Design: "Review"
Methodology: Review of current knowledge and results from clinical trials based on CoQ10 supplementation.
Sample Size: Not applicable (review study).
Controls Used: Not applicable (review study).
Dose Used: "200 mg/day" in combination with selenium for some studies; "300 mg/day" in heart failure studies; doses "ranging from 60 to 500 mg/day" in inflammation studies.
Statistical Significance Declared: "Significant reduction in systolic blood pressure"; "significant decrease in circulating TNF-α"; "significant reduction in cardiovascular mortality."
Adverse Events: "Myalgia and general discomfort" from statins; "muscle pain, general discomfort, and even osteonecrosis" from bisphosphonates. (These adverse events are linked to the reduction of CoQ10 levels in the body due to the use of specific medications, not directly to CoQ10 supplementation itself.)
Conflict of Interest: "The authors declare no conflict of interest."

Cooney RV, Dai Q, Gao Y-T, Chow W-H, Franke AA, Shu X-O, Li H, Ji B, Cai Q, Chai W, Zheng W. Low Plasma Coenzyme Q10 Levels and Breast Cancer Risk in Chinese Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011;20(6):1124–1130. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-1261
Publication Date: June 06, 2011
Peer Reviewed: Yes
Study Design: "Nested case-control study."
Methodology: Prediagnostic plasma samples from 340 cases and 653 age-matched controls were analyzed for total CoQ10 using high-performance liquid chromatography.
Sample Size: "340 cases and 653 controls."
Controls Used: "Age-matched controls."
Dose Used: Not specified in the study.
Statistical Significance Declared: "Ptrend = 0.03."
Adverse Events: None mentioned.
Conflict of Interest: "No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed."

Zheng D, Cui C, Yu M, Li X, Wang L, Chen X, Lin Y. Coenzyme Q10 promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and protects against ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Published online October 26, 2017. doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.7907
Publication Date: "Published online on: October 26, 2017"
Peer Reviewed: Yes
Study Design: "The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of CoQ10 on osteoblastic cell proliferation and differentiation, and therapeutic effects on a rat model of osteoporosis."
Methodology: BMSCs isolated and treated with various concentrations of CoQ10; OVX-induced rats treated with different concentrations of CoQ10; serum levels and bone metabolism markers measured; micro-CT scans used for bone morphology analysis; mRNA and protein levels of PTEN/PI3K/AKT determined.
Sample Size: "Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (8-months old, 250–350 g, n=48)."
Controls Used: "The sham group, where rats were subjected to a sham surgery that involved exposing but not removal of ovaries, and received normal feedstuff for 3 months."
Dose Used: "10, 20 or 100 µM" for in vitro; "1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg" for in vivo.
Statistical Significance Declared: "*P<0.05 or **P<0.01 vs. the control group," "*P<0.05, **P<0.01 or ***P<0.001 vs. the respective control group," "*P<0.05 vs. the sham group; #P<0.05 vs. the OVX group."
Adverse Events: None stated.
Conflict of Interest: None stated.

Burger CW, Palan PR, Strube F, Letko J, Sadikovic A, Mikhail MS. Effects of Oral, Vaginal, and Transdermal Hormonal Contraception on Serum Levels of Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, and Total Antioxidant Activity. JAMA. 2010;2010:925635.
Publication Date: "First published: 09 August 2010"
Peer Reviewed: Yes
Study Design: "cross-section study"
Methodology: 70 healthy premenopausal women, 30 hormonal contraception users, 40 nonusers as control. Serum levels measured by HPLC. TAOC measured colorometrically with a commercially available kit.
Sample Size: "70 nonsmokers, healthy premenopausal women"
Controls Used: "forty (n = 40) women who did not use hormonal contraceptive constituted the control group"
Dose Used: "Triphasic OC containing 0.05 mg levonorgestrel + 0.03 mg EE for the first 6 days, 0.075 mg levonorgestrel + 0.40 mg EE for the following 5 days, and 0.125 mg levonorgestrel + 0.030 mg EE for the remaining 10 days." "NuvaRing releases 0.120 mg of etonogestrel and delivers 15 mcg of EE/day." "Ortho Evra contains norelgestromin 6.0 mg and 0.75 mg EE, delivering 20 mcg of EE and 150 mcg of norelgestromin per day."
Statistical Significance Declared: "Significantly decreased serum levels of CoQ10 and α-tocopherol (P < .001 by the Student’s t-test)." "The lowest TAOC level was observed in the transdermal patch group and was found to be statistically significant compared with pill users (P < .05)."
Adverse Events: None declared
Conflict of Interest: None declared

Garrido-Maraver J, Cordero MD, Oropesa-Ávila M, Fernández Vega A, de la Mata M, Delgado Pavón A, de Miguel M, Pérez Calero C, Villanueva Paz M, Cotán D, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Coenzyme Q10 Therapy. Mol Syndromol. 2014;5(3-4):187-197. doi:10.1159/000360101
Publication Date: "MARCH 13 2014"
Peer Reviewed: Yes
Study Design: "randomized controlled trial", "double-blind clinical trial", "open-label studies", "case reports"
Methodology: Oral supplementation with varying doses, control and experimental groups, symptom tracking, biochemical measurements.
Sample Size: "44 patients" "8 patients" "117 melanoma patients"
Controls Used: Placebo controls
Dose Used: "50 mg of CoQ10 3 times daily" "30 to 300 mg/day" "2 mg/kg CoQ10 daily" "150 mg/day" "200 mg CoQ10 or a placebo daily" "400 mg CoQ10 plus 2,100 IU of vitamin E daily" "390 mg CoQ10 daily"
Statistical Significance Declared: "muscle endurance results reached statistical significance." "p < 0.05" "Statistically significant decrease in post-exercise lactate levels"
Adverse Events: Skin itching, Nausea, rash (In heart failure patients) Headache, heartburn, fatigue (In Huntington's disease patients) Stomach upset (In early Huntington’s disease patients) Antiplatelet effect may increase the risk of bleeding. (In patients on anticoagulants.)
Conflict of Interest: Not declared.

Potgieter M, Pretorius E, Pepper MS. Primary and secondary coenzyme Q10 deficiency: the role of therapeutic supplementation. Nutrition Reviews. 2013;71(3):180-188. doi:10.1111/nure.12011
Publication Date: "Published: 01 March 2013"
Peer Reviewed: Yes
Study Design: "Review"
Methodology: Review of existing literature on CoQ10 deficiency, supplementation effects, pharmacokinetics, and safety profile.
Sample Size: Not applicable (review study)
Controls Used: Not applicable (review study)
Dose Used: "CoQ10 is safe at intakes of up to 1,200 mg/day." "Much higher levels (up to 3,000 mg/day) have been tested without adverse effects."
Statistical Significance Declared: Not applicable (review study)
Adverse Events: "Adverse gastrointestinal effects, including nausea," "decreased International Normalized Ratio in patients on warfarin therapy."
Conflict of Interest: "The authors have no relevant interests to declare and no association with the products discussed in the manuscript."