Evening primrose oil (EPO) might offer some health benefits as an add-on treatment for certain conditions, but the research isn't strong enough to recommend using it instead of alternatives with clear evidence. Although EPO is generally safe for short-term use, the effects of using it over a long period remain unknown (8). This is due to conflicting or insufficient research studies, which often provide inconclusive results (9).

For instance, while some studies suggest EPO could improve skin health or reduce inflammation associated with conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, these studies are typically small and not comprehensive enough to confirm these benefits (7).

Regarding menopause symptoms like hot flashes, the evidence is also weak. A 2020 study found the evidence ranged from "very low to moderate", and the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) agrees that more research is needed (10, 11).

Concerning heart health, some research hints that EPO might positively affect cholesterol levels, yet these findings are not conclusive due to inconsistency and lack of benefits found outside the subgroup analysis (6). Similarly, while there are claims that EPO can help with breast pain and other inflammatory issues, a 2021 review comparing it to other treatments found it no more effective than a placebo (12).

EPO can cause side effects, though they're usually mild, such as upset stomach or headaches (13). More severe allergic reactions are rare but possible (14). There is no standardised dosing for EPO, and recommendations are based only on limited studies (15). Given the potential risks and unclear benefits of EPO, we do not believe it has proven itself as safe and effective, especially over alternatives.